Key facts
- Across six models and eight languages, models preferentially cite English sources when the query is in English, and the bias grows for lower-resource languages1.
- In Czechia, Google held 79.3% of search and Seznam 15.6% in August 2026, on StatCounter's count3.
- AI Overviews appear on about 20% of German keywords and cut the click-through rate of position one from 27% to 11% (Sistrix, 100 million keywords)4. In Poland they appear on 28.95% of phrases, with clicks for positions one to ten down 19.5% (Senuto, 17.76 million keywords)5.
- Google says AI Overviews run in more than 200 countries and territories and 40 languages6.
One purchase, three questions: Prague, Warsaw and Vienna
Put the same purchase in front of three buyers. A small company needs hosting. In Prague the question that gets typed is closer to "Jaký webhosting je nejlepší pro malou firmu?" In Warsaw it is "Jaki hosting wybrać dla małej firmy?" In Vienna it is "Welcher Webhoster ist für ein kleines Unternehmen in Österreich empfehlenswert?" These are our own illustrations, not survey data, but the differences in them are the real ones.
| Market | Language | What a buyer types | What is different |
| Prague | Czech | „Jaký webhosting je nejlepší pro malou firmu?“ | “Webhosting” is the category word. Czech review sites and forums are the sources. |
| Warsaw | Polish | „Jaki hosting wybrać dla małej firmy?” | “Hosting” is the category word. Polish providers and forums are the sources. |
| Vienna | German | „Welcher Webhoster ist für ein kleines Unternehmen in Österreich empfehlenswert?“ | “Webhoster”, and the country is named so the answer does not default to Germany. |
The vocabulary differs: "webhosting" in Czech, "hosting" in Polish, "Webhoster" in German. The qualifiers differ: the Austrian buyer names the country because German-language answers otherwise default to Germany. The providers the buyer already knows differ, and so do the review sites, the forums and the regulators the assistant will lean on when it builds its answer.
An English prompt, "best web hosting for a small business", translated three times, keeps the English shape of the question and drops all of that. It then measures how an assistant answers a question nobody in those markets asks.
What the research says about language and citations
This is not a hunch. Ki and colleagues tested six models across eight languages in 2025 and found that models "preferentially cite English sources when queries are in English", and that the bias is stronger for lower-resource languages, sometimes at the cost of relevance1. Park and Lee showed in February 2025 that the retrievers feeding these systems prefer both high-resource languages and the language of the query2.
What that means for Czech and Polish
The language you ask in decides which pages the assistant reads, and therefore which brands it can name.
Czech and Polish are smaller on the web than English or German, so the effect is likely larger there, not smaller. That is an inference from the studies, not a measurement of Czech or Polish. We say so because nobody has published one yet.
Search engines and AI Overviews in Czechia, Poland and Austria
Czechia
Google held 79.3% of search and Seznam 15.6% in August 2026, on StatCounter's count, with Bing at 3.9%3. Seznam is still a sixth of the market, and it is not part of any AI Overview. We have found no published study of AI Overviews on Czech queries, so for Czechia the click effect below is an assumption borrowed from the neighbours.
Search engine share in Czechia, August 2026
StatCounter, all platforms
Seznam is a sixth of the market and takes no part in any AI Overview3.
Poland
Senuto's November 2025 report covered 17.76 million Polish keywords. AI Overviews appeared on 28.95% of phrases, which carried 14.87% of search volume, and clicks for positions one to ten fell by 19.5% when one appeared5.
Austria and the German language
The largest German-language dataset is Sistrix's February 2026 study of 100 million keywords on Google Germany. About 20% of them showed an AI Overview. The click-through rate of position one dropped from 27% to 11%, and Sistrix put the loss at 265 million clicks a month4. Austria is a smaller market with the same language and the same product, so we use the German figures as the best available proxy and label them as such.
| Market | Dataset | AI Overview shown on | Click effect |
| Poland | 17.76 million keywords, Senuto, November 20255 | 28.95% of phrases, 14.87% of search volume | Positions one to ten: clicks down 19.5% |
| Germany, as a proxy for Austria | 100 million keywords, Sistrix, February 20264 | About 20% | Position one: click-through rate from 27% to 11% |
| Czechia | No published study found | Not measured | An assumption borrowed from the neighbours |
Google reports AI Overviews in more than 200 countries and territories and 40 languages6, and AI Mode passed 1 billion monthly users in July 20267. Czech, Polish and German are all served. The answers exist in each language today, whether or not anyone is reading them on your behalf.
200+countries and territories where AI Overviews run6
40languages served, Czech, Polish and German among them6
1Bmonthly users of AI Mode, July 20267
How to write AI visibility prompts per market
- Start from real questions, not keywords. Support tickets, sales calls and the local forums where the category is discussed. A keyword is what someone types into Google. A prompt is what they say to an assistant, and it is longer, more specific and in their own words.
- Write them in the language, by a native speaker. Not translated. The prompt should sound like the Warsaw buyer, including the local product names, the currency and the city where it matters.
- Keep the set fixed per market. Ten to twenty prompts is enough to start. Change a prompt and you have a new series, not a trend.
- Run them in each assistant separately and store the full answer text. The competitors named in the Polish answers are the Polish competitor set. They will not match the Czech one.
- Read the citations per market. Which review site, which forum, which vendor page the assistant leaned on in Czech is the list of places your claim needs to exist in Czech.
This is how markets work in GEONALY: each market has its own prompt set, its own competitor list and its own report, and the prompts are written in the market's language. Markets come with the plan; the split is on the pricing page.
What to expect when you compare the three markets
Expect the three reports to disagree. A brand can lead the Czech shortlist and be absent from the German one, because the pages that make the German case for it do not exist. Expect the cited sources to differ more than the mentions do: local review sites and forums in one market, an encyclopaedia or a vendor page in another. And expect the smaller language to be the noisier one, since fewer pages means the assistant's choice rests on fewer sources.
The finding to distrust
None of that is a problem with the measurement. It is the measurement. Three markets that gave the same answer would be the finding to distrust.
Sources
- Ki et al., Linguistic Nepotism, arXiv, 17 September 2025. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13930
- Park and Lee, arXiv, 16 February 2025: retrievers prefer high-resource and query languages. https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.11175
- StatCounter, search engine market share, Czech Republic, August 2026. https://gs.statcounter.com/search-engine-market-share/all/czech-republic
- Sistrix, 25 February 2026: AI Overviews in Germany, how far click rates really fall. https://www.sistrix.de/news/ai-overviews-in-deutschland-so-stark-sinken-die-klickraten-wirklich/
- Senuto, 27 November 2025: AI Overviews report, Poland. https://insight.senuto.com/aio-report-2/
- Sundar Pichai, Alphabet Q2 2025 earnings, 23 July 2025: AI Overviews in more than 200 countries and territories and 40 languages. https://blog.google/inside-google/message-ceo/alphabet-earnings-q2-2025/
- Sundar Pichai, Alphabet Q2 2026 earnings, 22 July 2026: AI Mode surpassed 1 billion monthly active users. https://blog.google/company-news/inside-google/message-ceo/alphabet-earnings-q2-2026/
- Alphabet investor presentation, June 2026: AI Overviews have over 2.5 billion users each month. https://blog.google/alphabet/investor-presentation-june-2026/
Published 21 September 2026. If a model or a figure above changes, this line says what changed and when.